Biblical Greek - Lesson 34

Dr. Bill Mounce
Biblical Greek
nt201-34
μι Verbs (Active Indicative of δίδωμι)
Lesson Transcript

[00:00:00] Well, welcome to chapter 34. There's two more to go. Got to have a countdown on these things. You know, as I said last time, we're all done with tenses. We're all done with moods. We're all done with cases. Virtually don't vocabulary only about, I don't know, ten, 15 more words to learn. So in a sense, your Greek is set except for one little thing. A little thing called me verbs, and I've split me verbs into two chapters. So we're going to be introduced to them and we're going to look at one of them in the indicative in this chapter and the rest of them in the last chapter in the textbook. Basically, the verbal system that you've learned so far has a name. It's called the somatic conjugation. In other words, we've learned how Greek uses words with connecting vowels, thematic vowels, connecting vowels to different words for the same thing. I know the way to say it is that the verbs that we've learned so far have lexical forms in Omega or in omega, if they're deponent. Right. There actually is a second conjugation. Called the me conjugation. Now, don't panic. It's not like you've only learned half the verbs. And now you have to learn the same amount of verbal forms all over again. The ME conjugation is not that different. There are a few differences, and unfortunately, you meet those differences in the present active. So when you first start seeing these forms, they look so radically different. You go, Oh, I got another 300 some odd forms to memorize. No, you don't. There are going to be some differences, and most of those differences are in the present active. But since you've been learning how verbs get put together, then what you're going to see is that me? Verbs in the present active for the most part, just get put together a little differently, but it's still pretty much the same bits and pieces.

[00:02:04] So all that to say is there are two conjugations in Greek. There's the somatic conjugation that uses a theme vowel or connecting vowel, and there's the mathematic, the conjugation that doesn't use a connecting vowel and the lexical forms in mew era. So let's look at a couple of forms and you'll see that it's not that big of a deal. There's a verb called Diddle Me. You see it in the header on the slide. Ditto me. It means I give. And although you may not see it immediately, the stem is dark delta with an old class vowel, either an American or an omega. Okay, so the root dor means I give and let's look at these forms. It's obviously a me verb is lexical form is ditto mean. But just to show you that it's not that different, especially outside the present active dosage to What's that? Right now I'm hearing a whisper whispered. It has to be a future, right? You have the stem. You have the sigma, a connecting vowel in a test. So that's a second person plural future active, indicative. You will give perfectly regular, isn't it? That doctor? Right. Second person, plural. Perfect. No big deal. Re duplication with an epsilon your car transformative normal endings. No big deals. Don't come in. Hmm. Something's a little different there. But what can you tell me for sure that you know about a document? Okay. It's a first person, plural. Same ending. It's got an argument I heard someone say. So it's an arrest list. Assumption is that it's an arrest. What's odd about the form? As a Kappa Kappa were a sigma, you would know it's a nervous. Okay, this is one of the five rules on me verbs. Most mi verbs have what are called kappa errors.

[00:04:11] In other words, instead of using saw, they use car in the arrest. But that's not a big deal. Why? Why are you not going to confuse that with the perfect good document? It looks like an arrest. It is an arrest. Me. Verbs use Kappa Eris. Not going to be confused with the perfect because there's no duplication. Did a mean. Yeah, this will be a little harder. Except that, you know, the lexical form is due to me. Guess what happens to me? Verbs in the present? Only in the present. They re duplicate their initial letter as if it's a perfect. But that re duplicated letter is separated with an iota, not an epsilon. So when you see the lexical form, in other words, with the re duplication with the new Yoda, you know, you're in the present tense system. Notice something else happened. Near the vowels shortened, didn't it? It's been dull elsewhere, even in the present. Active. Singular did dull me, but in the present. Active. Plural. It shortens. Now, some people have you memorized when these vowels are going to be long and when they're going to be short? I really don't care. I just know that the route for I give ends in either al-Muqrin or Omega. And there's always enough clues elsewhere in the world to tell me what it is. So I don't really care. Whether it's an omega or an arm across an old class valve determine has to be present. It did, Deuce. It's a little trickier, but you have to indications what tenses up. And it's imperfect, isn't it? You have the did you have the duplication with the new Yoda? So, you know, you're in the present tense system, but you have an augment. So it has to be imperfect.

[00:06:17] And sigma's your second person singular ending. And there's been a contraction. So there's your imperfect. Okay. So there are a few things that are different here, aren't there? In the Eris, you have Kappa Eris in the present, you have re duplication within the Yoda, you have fluctuating vowels in terms of their length. But those are all things you can handle and recognize that most of the oddities occur in the present active. Outside of that part of the system. These things are very easy to recognize if you know the route. And that's the key. If you saw the dock at. If you don't know the route is you're not going to figure out what that is. So as you've been doing this, all the other verbs, it's really important in me verbs to learn not only the lexical form but its root. If you do that, these things are pretty straightforward. You know, that's a lot for one slide, but that's almost everything that's in the chapter. All right. Let me just run through quickly the five rules. There's only really one more thing you have to learn. Let me run through the five rules just so you can see how these things work. Rule one on me verbs is that they re duplicate in the present with New Yorker. The root is de. It read duplicates with the new Yoda. Only in the present system did dah and you end up with did or me. What that means outside. Like in the future. Outside the present system, everything is regular. As long as you've learned that all the different tenses are formed from the root, not from the present tense stem. And again, the really important thing here is to learn the roots. Rule two verbs in the mathematic conjugation or me.

[00:08:06] Verbs don't have a connecting vowel. They don't have a connecting vowel because the roots all end in a vowel. So you may not notice right up front that there's no connecting vowel because the final stem vowel for that's where the name of the conjugation comes from. You know, Greek puts an alpha in front of a word to negate it. Call now for. So thematic mathematics. No big deal, though. Okay. Here's the only other additional thing that you will need to memorize. Rule three is that me? Verbs used some alternate personal endings in the present active. Outside of the present active system. It's all blissfully regular, and you can see and read the three new endings. Now, they're not that hard to learn because in the first person singular, you'll memorize the lexical forms, as did me. So if you see the mute Yoda, you know it's first person singular. That's no big deal. Then you have Dido's second singular dead, or C with the new movable. That's the one you have to be careful of because you may think that this is a third plural or some sort of dative or something, but the sigma e older with the new movable is the one ending. Third thing that you'll have to learn. And if you notice Greek verbs really like third singular, a lot of them and you get to the plural did them in, you see the vowels shortens but big deal did it to the does with a new movable. That's your other new ending. But you've already seen that in the perfect system, haven't you, Cassie? So the Alpha sigma Yoda is not brand new for you. So there are three new endings. It's the third single that you have to really be careful to learn.

[00:09:45] Me verbs are unbelievably regular. Problem is that if you get exposed to the present active where most of the changes are, and if you're used to thinking of the other tenses as being formed from the present tense and not from the root, these things are miserable to learn. But if you go from the root, the regular that vowels are going to be there. And the root is always, almost always clearly visible in the present tense system. Rule number four is the stem vowel changes. The length, as far as I'm concerned, is not a big deal, long or short. I don't care what it is, but that vowel will fluctuate. And rule number five most MI verbs used kappa eris, but again, there's not going to be a re duplication. And so these things shouldn't be a problem in terms of the endings. They're all blissfully regular. What that means now, though, is that when you see the Kappa. You can't automatically assume it's a perfect. You've got to look at the root, look for duplication. Okay. Now that you've seen the rules, just real quickly, again, let's look at a couple of forms just to get it into your head. Those some in tense future. Right there, the delta, all class vowel sigma. No problems. You had a regular future. It did. A to what? Tense but imperfect. You have an augment and a re duplication within the yadda. It can't be anything else. Ed Duncan Eris augment Kappa arrest did those present re duplication within the yadda and dead or can. Perfect. We duplicate and perfect. We duplication with an epsilon. And there's the kappa in the perfect. You can do it. Five rules. But see, this is why we took the little harder route at the beginning of the book instead of just so I'll just memorize the paradigm. It's why I've been pushing you so hard to know how these things go together. If you weren't used to doing that and we move verbs, you have 330 more forms to memorize. All right. You're welcome.