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C.S. Lewis: His Theology and Philosophy - Lesson 32

The Great Divorce (Part 2)

This lesson examines the documentary's impact, especially in group discussions and personal stories, ending with an interview with Jerry Root at Wheaton College on C.S. Lewis's work. It then delves into Lewis's "The Great Divorce," focusing on ghosts' resistance to joy and themes of time, eternity, choice, and destiny. The ending, where Lewis wakes from a dream, highlights orienting oneself toward God. Themes of free will versus divine sovereignty are explored, referencing Augustine. Sarah Smith's character illustrates heaven as participation in God's life. The lesson concludes with procedural notes and encouragement for finals, stressing long-term understanding.

Lesson 32
Watching Now
The Great Divorce (Part 2)

The Great Divorce (part 2)

I. Video

II. Remarks by Dr. Peterson

III. Comments

A. Relationship between choice and time

B. Sarah Smith


Transcription
Lessons

Dr. Michael Peterson 
C.S. Lewis: His Theology and Philosophy 
ap530-32 
The Great Divorce (Part 2) 
Lesson Transcript

 

Well, I hope you got a taste of what a good piece of work that documentary is. I think it is. And in addition to the sort of group discussions and in addition to the little individual vignettes that follow the group discussions, there's material at the end as well. And a lengthy I think there's a lengthy interview with Jerry Root and Wheaton College, and there's, of course, a major collection of Lewis's work there. And we sort of talked with a, you know, major expert on Lewis. I don't know what to say about whether you could ever get that for your own purposes in a church or some kind of other ministry project you might be involved with, but you might check with Christian Student Fellowship UK and see if they can somehow make it available through a link or whatever. Be very helpful. And what our church, I often do adult electives. I've done a few on Lewis, and Lewis always draws a crowd. So, you know, maybe you can find this kind of thing to be useful and helpful. I don't have anything all that profound to say at this point, other than given what you've read of the book, The Great Divorce, given any thought you've had or in interaction with anything that's been said in the documentary. Do you have any comments or observations? Do you like to share? Yes. When the. Yep. But. Part of that goes together with the other part where. So someone is. But one cannot understand the true relation between education. So. You want to go? Yeah, actually, I was going to go there if time permitted. I think maybe the most puzzling part of the book is the end. I mean, there is this parade of ghosts and their different personalities or different hang ups.

 

There are different ways of resisting joy. There are different ways of refusing to come into reality. Capital are and they're all worthy of more discussion than we have time for all the different themes and there are more themes than we saw in the doc here in the documentary that I just had to skip because I'd turn it off for time's sake. But I think the more, the more puzzling part of the book is right there at the end where Louis himself is waking up from this dream and but within the dream that he's having, he hasn't quite waked up yet. Is this image of the chessboard and all of that. Where issues of time, eternity, choice, destiny are all kind of at play in that final part of the book? What I personally what I don't think is there is a real official metaphysic that eternal souls are fully formed human beings and that our earthly selves are just chess pieces being moved. But I wouldn't make a lot out of that. I think it's much more about understanding the significance within the scope of total reality, the significance of our orientation toward God and the the necessity of coming to grips with with making that orientation of our selves toward God. And it's a great image. And I do think I do think around the edges of that. Questions of freewill versus divine solve or not versus divine sovereignty. But what is the relationship of free will and divine sovereignty? And Augustine was wrestling with that, and Lewis knows that, of course. Unfortunately, with Augustine, I see sovereignty as being too heavy and free will ultimately not being not given its full weight. I think that's that's the way I see Augustine. And there's a whole line of thought issuing out of Augustine that tends that way.

 

So even those issues are there, the relation of time and eternity. But as he's waking still coming more and more true to alertness and consciousness, the issue is turn on the Dreamers own choice. He. The sun is coming up. The day is dawning. And he's kind of been washed in this whole realization of the need to make a choice. And so it brings, I think, to that and that that came out in some of the discussions that the book keeps turning toward. What will you do? Can you not see yourself positioned, contextualized within the scope of these great issues? So then the dreamer awakes and we don't know what happens. Just like we don't know what happens with most of the ghosts. Did you? My favorite person probably in the book is Sarah Smith. Who's that one earthly individual who. I'm making a transition here just before we run out of time. She her example goes to make an enduring point we've brought up a couple times. She comes and she I mean, Sarah Smith is a pretty ordinary name. So not like Ezekiel. Not the people are naming their children. You know that. That's top on the list of names, the name of children Ezekiel anymore, but it's pretty common. Comes from a common little village. And it says so, you know. But she's coming with quite an entourage and a lot of glory. And she's pictured, I think, is being extremely close to the heart of God. And there's a whole page in the book where she gives a hymn to the Trinity. Remember that the Blessed Trinity is my home because the situation with her husband could upset her. And she's saying ultimately, the kind of happiness I have, the kind of joy the frame's my existence is blessed, the Trinity is my home.

 

And it even by things that happen that shouldn't happen, didn't go right in my life. Even relationships in my life that are broken. The Blessed Trinity is my home and it goes on many lines down the page of a kind of a hymn to the Trinity, which again makes the point that heaven is the life of God. Participating in that life is heaven for us. Everything else would be at a trivial definition of heaven. It would miss the essence of heaven. I think we could officially say we're done. Are there any sort of procedural things, questions about wrapping up the course? Like, could we break your leaves for extra credit? Yes, of course. We like a bright spirit coming to help. My guest is not hurt your feet, by the way. It's very interesting. Yes. Yes. Citing examples from one theory five. And that's for the grief. But what theory of love did you say? It says under the category. Great cause. Is that question. Okay, That's what I should say. Great. Cause, you know, I don't know. Well, would you type an email? Yeah, about that question. And when I get home tonight and work my second shift because we're empty nest, there's nothing else to do. So with grandkids, work a second shift. That's the you go. So I'll. I'll respond to everybody in case that question, maybe there was a cut and paste job that I did and I didn't get the right word in there. Maybe it is the great divorce. We're not seeing it in front of me. I can't say. Oh, you got it. Okay. Oh, super. Can I put on my eyes? Citing examples from the book What Theory of True Love can you identify? Oh, yeah, I get it.

 

Now it's under the heading of the Great. It'd be great divorce. Do you think that'll work? We could always ask for any book. What Theory of love? Well, I think that works. Makes sense that I would have done that. I think so. I think so, too. Yeah. Well, Theory of True love. Because you see some warped examples of dysfunctional. Well, I appreciate that. I, uh. I can respond to that. Though I won't be mailing any of you. Estimates that from December to what that blowing I can barely here is the due date which is what would it be like next Wednesday or Thursday? See. Finals is next week, right? That's right. And I hate the pressure on you all for finals week. I really do. So here's my theory, and I'm sticking to it, is that I try to hold off as late as I can to receive work so that you can kind of organize your life. What's more pressing? What do I need to do now for some really bad professor who's very demanding, you know, and has a really arbitrary due date? Here, here's where the grace flows. And usually it's about the Wednesday following that. Maybe it's like the Wednesday or Thursday following finals Wednesday. And C, that gives me the Wednesday night and all day Thursday, two grade turning grades Friday. So so that's my theory. I always try to wait as late. I love that one of my professors, all of our grade is doing everything that makes the third grade. Oh, my. Another paper. Everything looks great. Yeah, I'm pretty old dog. And everybody, you know, different subject matters kind of. They're taught better certain ways than others. But I'm pretty old dog on pedagogy and what I think works.

 

And my goal is long term understanding. And the more pressurized you are that works against long term understanding it that I just live with it. Think about it. It'll be better in the long run. So I'd rather not to my convenience, I'd rather have the stuff sooner. But you know, that's that's me. But I'm good with this and this is my way. And and I think it'll work for you. So this has been great fun. I guess I'll see you all in the science course in j term or the suffering course in in the spring. And we can build our relationship in a relational universe. Have a good Christmas, and we will see you sometime.

 

  • The purpose of the class is to directly engage Lewis’s philosophy and theology. He brings a Christian worldview to engage intellectual movements of his day. The trinity created us to bring us into the fellowship that has been going on with God forever.
  • Discover how C.S. Lewis's journey from atheism to Christian apologist highlights the importance of integrating reason and imagination in faith, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding life and spiritual truths through accessible narratives.
  • This lesson teaches you to value creation, understand the Incarnation, see all life as sacramental, appreciate human personhood, recognize the relationship between evolution and divine creation, and grasp the interconnectedness of truth, the recognition of evil, sensitivity to suffering, commitment to community, and the concept of vocation.
  • Explore how Lewis's defense of realism supports the moral argument for a higher power. Learn how he addresses objections from reductionism and evolutionary biology, using a comparative approach to argue that theism offers a more compelling explanation for morality.
  • Explore Lewis's moral argument for a theistic god, learning how he handles objections, realism in moral law, epistemic defeaters, and the comparison of worldviews, ultimately positioning theism as a rational choice and setting the stage for discussing Christianity.
  • Explore the comparative probability of morality under different worldviews, ultimately arguing that theism provides a more coherent and objective basis for moral awareness than alternatives like Hinduism, dualism, or naturalism, and prepare to integrate Christian concepts into this framework.
  • Explore theistic beliefs through moral experience, examine rival conceptions of God, compare dualism and pantheism, and discuss the Christian perspective on good, evil, and salvation, emphasizing the importance of credible and respectful presentations of faith to nonbelievers.
  • Gain understanding of C.S. Lewis's argument for the intellectual credibility of theism and Christianity, his critique of atheism and other worldviews, the trilemma of Jesus, and the relational nature of sin and redemption.
  • Gain insight into epistemic realism, the reliability of rational powers, common sense realism, critiques of philosophical skepticism, the development of moral virtues, and a critical examination of Christian sexual morality and marriage dynamics.
  • Learn about Mark Noll's critique of evangelical anti-intellectualism, emphasizing the need for intellectual engagement in faith, using C.S. Lewis's balanced approach to faith and reason as a model.
  • Learn that Lewis's argument from desire posits that our inherent desire for ultimate fulfillment suggests the existence of a transcendent reality beyond this world, identified as God.
  • Understand the theological view that God, as an eternal and personal being, models personhood, with practical theology guiding beliefs, the distinction between finite creation and eternal begetting, the relational and dynamic nature of the Trinity, and the transformative journey towards divine life.
  • Explore the transition from C.S. Lewis's "Christianity" to "Miracles," emphasizing the clash between naturalism and supernaturalism, the BioLogos conference's role in reconciling faith and science, and Lewis's arguments from the inside to address Hume's epistemological challenge regarding miracles.
  • Learn about C.S. Lewis's comparison of naturalism and supernaturalism, his criteria for evaluating worldviews, and the challenges naturalism faces regarding rationality and mind theories, highlighting theism's explanatory superiority.
  • What’s important to Lewis is freedom of rational thinking, free from physical causes. Naturalism undercuts the power of reason because everything is determined by physical causes. If evolutionary naturalism is true, then the probability of our cognitive faculties being reliable for truth is low.
  • Explore the interplay between reason, naturalism, and evolution through the perspectives of C.S. Lewis and Alvin Plantinga, focusing on the need for free will in rational thought, the reliability of cognitive faculties, and the limitations of naturalism and evolution in ensuring truth-aimed beliefs.
  • This lesson examines the mind-brain relationship through emergent dualism, explaining how complex brain functions lead to higher mental processes and exploring the interplay between rational thought, moral consciousness, and the perspectives of science and religion on miracles.
  • This lesson explains that divine actions are not violations of natural laws but purposeful interventions where God alters usual conditions, challenging Hume's regularity theory and emphasizing the need for an interpretive framework for understanding miracles.
  • Learn to create a coherent narrative, address emotional objections to theism, contrast non-theist and theist views of nature, understand the Christian creation doctrine, emphasize monotheism, critique pantheism, and explore Greek and Hebrew theological elements.
  • C.S. Lewis argues that miracles are possible if God is a determinant being outside the natural system. He distinguishes between good and bad miracles and stresses understanding the grand narrative to judiciously judge their credibility.
  • In philosophy, it’s referred to as the problem of evil. Given a certain understanding of God and a certain understanding of evil, there is a tension explaining why evil exists in the world.
  • Explore Lewis's view on divine omnipotence, the independent operation of physical laws, the role of pain in achieving higher divine purposes, and the distinction between true goodness and mere kindness, with implications for pastoral care and counseling.
  • Explore Camus' existential journey and private spiritual search through his conversations with Reverend Moomaw, revealing his dissatisfaction with atheistic existentialism and his secret visits to church, ultimately acknowledging a need for God.
  • God is his creation set forth the problem of expressing his goodness through the total drama of a world containing free agents in spite of, and even by means of, their rebellion against him. The risk is for the possibility of relationship.
  • Aristotle would say that as a rational, moral being you build your character based on the hierarchy of good traits. From a Christian perspective, our natural destiny should be on the same trajectory as our eternal destiny. The spiritual and theological virtues are faith, hope and love.
  • Explore pain's inherent role in the biological system, the theological and scientific perspectives on its origins, human freedom's impact, the concept of gratuitous evil, and how pain highlights human vulnerability and dependence on God.
  • Lewis thinks that God needs to pierce the shield of our ego and we are embodied creatures so pain is what does it by getting our attention by highlighting how frail and in need we are.
  • Explore Lewis's view on animal pain as distinct from human pain, linked to Cartesian dualism, evolutionary necessity, theological implications, and the potential redemption of the animal kingdom.
  • The lesson focuses on the themes of dichotomy, the intertwining of love and pain, and the acknowledgment of suffering as a component of true happiness, both in the present and future contexts.
  • Explore how pain and happiness coexist through C.S. Lewis's reflections in "A Grief Observed," his journey through grief, and philosophical considerations of materialism versus faith, emphasizing the relational nature of the universe and the hope of resurrection.
  • Learn that "The Great Divorce" shows heaven and hell as mutually exclusive, explore God's reality as the ultimate truth, and understand the journey from self-absorption to eternal joy through a symbolic dream narrative and character analyses.
  • Final comments about themes in The Great Divorce.

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