Synods of Quiercy

Several such assemblies were held in the ninth century. The first met in 838, when Florus,* a supporter of Agobard,* archbishop of Lyons, alleged that parts of Amalar of Metz's* book on liturgical ritual were heretical. At Quiercy, Amalar's interpretation of the ceremonies of the Mass was condemned. A second synod of Quiercy met in 849 to condemn the views on double predestination allegedly held by the Augustinian theologian Gottschalk,* a monk of Fulda. The local archbishop, [[Rabanus Maurus]],* attacked Gottschalk's position, and the Council of Mainz (848) condemned Gottschalk. Through the efforts of Hincmar* of Reims the Synod of Quiercy confirmed this condemnation in 849, and Gottschalk was scourged, defrocked, and imprisoned. Hincmar discovered, however, that other noted scholars-Ratramnus* of Corbie, Lupus of Ferriers, and Prudentius* of Troyes-broadly supported Gottschalk's position. The latter's opponents, who themselves held Semi-Augustinian views, argued that he had made God