Shallum
SHALLUM, SHALLUN (shăl'ŭm, shăl'ŭn, Heb. shallûm, or shallûn, recompense). A name (Shallum) applied to all of the following except the last (Shallun). 1. The youngest son of Naphtali (1Chr.7.13 kjv; niv retains the Shillem of Gen.46.24 and Num.26.48-Num.26.49).
2. The son of Shaul and grandson of Simeon (1Chr.4.25; cf. Gen.46.10; Exod.6.15; Num.26.12-Num.26.13).
3. The son of Sismai and father of Jekamiah (1Chr.2.40-1Chr.2.41).
4. Son of Kore and chief of the gatekeepers (1Chr.9.17, 1Chr.9.19, 1Chr.9.31; Ezra.2.42; Ezra.10.24; Neh.7.45; Meshelemiah in 1Chr.26.1 and Shelemiah in 1Chr.26.14).
5. Son of Zadok and father of Hilkiah (1Chr.6.12-1Chr.6.13); ancestor of Ezra (Ezra.7.1-Ezra.7.2; Meshullam in 1Chr.9.11 and Neh.11.11).
6. A king of Israel who, having murdered Zechariah, reigned in his place for one month; then he himself was killed by Menahem (2Kgs.15.10-2Kgs.15.15).
7. The father of Jehizkiah and an Ephraimite chief (2Chr.28.12).
8. Son of Tikvah and husband of the prophetess Huldah; custodian of the priests’ wardrobe (2Kgs.22.14; 2Chr.34.22; perhaps also Jer.32.7, Jeremiah’s uncle; see No. 10).
9. A king of Judah, son of Josiah (1Chr.3.15; Jer.22.11); better known as Jehoahaz II (2Kgs.23.30-2Kgs.23.31, 2Kgs.23.34; 2Chr.36.1).
10. An uncle of Jeremiah (Jer.32.7; see No. 8).
11. The father of Maaseiah (Jer.35.4; cf. Jer.52.24).
12. One of the Levitical porters who was compelled to divorce his foreign wife (Ezra.10.24).
13. A son of Bani who was compelled to divorce his foreign wife (Ezra.10.42).
14. The son of Hallohesh; a ruler who, with his daughters, helped to build the walls of Jerusalem (Neh.3.12).
15. Shallun, son of Col-Hozeh; ruler of the Mizpah district; a builder of the walls of Jerusalem (Neh.3.15 Shallum rsv).
2. A son of Tikvah and husband of the prophetess Huldah (22:14; 2 Chron 34:22). He may have been the uncle of Jeremiah (Jer 32:7, but see no. 14). During Josiah’s reign he was the officer cited as keeper of the king’s wardrobe.
3. A descendant of Judah (Gen 46:12), family of Hezron, house of Jerameel, the father of Jekamiah (1 Chron 2:9, 40).
4. A son of King Josiah of Judah (1 Chron 3:15; Jer 22:11). His more common name is Jehoahaz (2 Kings 23:30ff.). He succeeded his father, c. 608 b.c., at the age of twenty-three. He had an evil tendency. After reigning three months, Pharaoh Necho of Egypt deposed him and deported him to Riblah, and later to Egypt. This man was the first of the lion’s whelps (Ezek 19:1-9). Apparently the third son in age, his being placed fourth according to 1 Chronicles 3:15 is viewed as intentional degradation.
5. A descendant of Simeon, the son of Shaul (1 Chron 4:25), and father of Mibsam. (See Gen 46:10; Exod 6:15; Num 26:13.)
6. A member of the high priestly family of Zadok, and an ancestor of Ezra (Ezra 7:2); father of Hilkiah (1 Chron 6:12f.), perhaps the same as Meshullam (1 Chron 9:11).
7. The youngest son of Naphtali, son of Jacob (1 Chron 7:13), the same as Shillem (Gen 46:24).
9. The father of a man named Jehizkiah (2 Chron 28:12).
10. A Levitical porter whose foreign wife was “put away” at the instigation of Ezra (Ezra 10:24).
11. A son of a certain Bani, also influenced by Ezra to separate from his foreign mate (Ezra 10:42).
12. A son of Hallohesh, the “ruler of half the district of Jerusalem,” whose daughters helped in the rebuilding of the city walls (Neh 3:12).
13. A son of Colhozeh, being a ruler of part of the Mizpah district, and a wall builder who repaired the Fountain Gate (Neh 3:15).
14. The uncle of Jeremiah (see 2 Kings 22:14). He sent his son Hanameel to the imprisoned prophet, to offer Jeremiah the right to purchase a family field at Anathoth. Jeremiah employed the occasion to symbolize future purchase of property in Judah—this at the time when Jerusalem was beleaguered by Babylon (Jer 32:7ff.).
15. The father of Maaseiah, and keeper of the threshold (Jer 35:4).
Bibliography
J. Bright, History of Israel (1959), 253.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915)
This is the name of not less than 12 Hebrew persons:
(1) The youngest son of Naphtali (1Ch 7:13). He is also called "Shillem" in Ge 46:24; Nu 26:49.
(2) A descendant of Simeon, the son of Shaul and the father of Mibsam (1Ch 4:25). He lived in 1618 BC.
(3) The son of Sismai "son" of Shesham of the tribe of Judah (1Ch 2:40,41). He lived in 1300 BC.
(5) A son of Zadok and father of Hilkiah, a high priest and ancestor of Ezra the scribe (1Ch 6:12,13; Ezr 7:2). In the works of Josephus he is called "Sallumus"; in 1 Esdras 8:1, "Salem," and in 2 Esdras 1:1, "Salemas."
(6) The 15th king of Israel. See following article.
(7) A son of Bani, a priest who had taken a heathen wife and was compelled by Ezra the scribe to put her away (Ezr 10:42; omitted in 1 Esdras 9:34).
(8) The father of Jehizkiah, an Ephraimite in the time of Ahaz king of Israel (2Ch 28:12).
(9) The husband of the prophetess Huldah (2Ki 22:14; 2Ch 34:22). He was the keeper of the sacred wardrobe and was probably the uncle of Jeremiah the prophet (Jer 32:7; compare Jer 35:4).
(10) King of Judah and son of Josiah (Jer 22:11; 1Ch 3:15), better known by the name Jehoahaz II. This name he received when he ascended the throne of the kingdom of Judah (2Ch 36:1).
(11) A Levite who was a porter at the time of Ezra (Ezr 10:24; "Sallumus" in 1 Esdras 9:25).
(12) A ruler over a part of Jerusalem and a son of Hallohesh. He with his daughters aided in building the walls of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah (Ne 3:12).
S. L. Umbach
(shallum, shallum, "the requited one" (2Ki 15:10-15)): The 15th king of Israel, and successor of Zechariah, whom he publicly assassinated in the 7th month of his reign. Nothing more is known of Shallum than that he was a son of Jabesh, which may indicate that he was a Gileadite from beyond Jordan. He is said to have made "a conspiracy" against Zechariah, so was not alone in his crime. The conspirators, however, had but a short-lived success, as, when Shallum had "reigned for the space of a month in Samaria," Menahem, then at Tirzah, one of the minor capitals of the kingdom, went up to Samaria, slew him and took his place.
It was probably at this time that Syria threw off the yoke of tribute to Israel (see JEROBOAM, II), as when next we meet with that kingdom, it is under its own king and in alliance with Samaria (2Ki 16:5).
The 10 years of rule given to Menahem (2Ki 15:17) may be taken to include the few months of military violence under Zechariah and Shallum, and cover the full years 758-750, with portions of years before and after counted as whole ones. The unsuccessful usurpation of Shallum may therefore be put in 758 BC (some date lower).
W. Shaw Caldecott