NEPHTOAH (nĕf-tō'a, Heb. nephtôah, an opening). A spring between Judah’s and Benjamin’s border (Josh.15.9; Josh.18.15). Identified as modern Lifta, a village two miles (three km.) NW of Jerusalem.

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NEPHTOAH nĕf tō’ ə (נֶפְתֹּ֔וחַ). A place name, used only in the expression “Waters of Nephtoah” (Josh 15:9; 18:15). It is prob. to be identified with modern Lifta, c. three m. NW of Jerusalem, although other places also have been suggested.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915)

nef-to’-a, nef’-to-a (nephtoach, occurs only in the expression ma`yan me nephtoach, "the fountain of the waters of Nephtoah"; Septuagint pege hudatos Naphtho): This spring was on the border line between Judah and Benjamin (Jos 15:9; 18:15). The place is usually identified with Lifta, a village about 2 miles Northwest of Jerusalem, on the east bank of the Wady beit Hanina]. It is a village very conspicuous to the traveler along the high road from Jaffa as he nears Jerusalem. There are ancient rock-cut tombs and a copious spring which empties itself into a large masonry reservoir. The situation of Lifta seems to agree well with the most probable line of boundary between the two tribes; the spring as it is today does not appear to be so abundant as to warrant such an expression as "spring of the waters," but it was, like many such sources, probably considerably more abundant in Old Testament times.

Conder would identify Lifta with the ancient ELEPH (which see) of Benjamin, and, on the ground that the Talmud (see Talmud Babylonian, Yom’ 31a) identifies Nephtoah with ETAM (which see), he would find the site of Nephtoah at `Ain `Atan, South of Bethlehem. The Talmud is not a sufficiently trustworthy guide when unsupported by other evidence, and the identification creates great difficulty with the boundary line. See Palestine Exploration Fund, III, 18, 43, Sh XVII.