Johannes Baptist Franzelin

1816-1886. Roman Catholic scholar. Born at Aldein, Tyrol, he received his early training in the Franciscan college in Bolzano and entered the Jesuit novitiate at Graz in 1834, teaching for six years in Austrian Poland. He studied theology at Rome and Louvain, was ordained in 1849, and was prefect of studies and confessor at the German College, Rome. He lectured in oriental languages, then held the chair in dogmatic theology (1857) in the Gregorian University. Papal theologian at Vatican I and prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, he was made cardinal (1876). He wrote a number of theological works and, in addition, his Examen doctrinae Macarii Bulgakov (1876) arose from his participation with Greek Orthodox and Protestants on the work of the Holy Spirit.