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Essentials of Islam

Discover the origins of Islam, Muhammad's revelations, and the spread of monotheism. Understand key texts, Sharia law, and Islamic divisions. Explore the need for dialogue between Christianity and Islam for effective witness.
Number of lessons: 7
Total length: 3 hours and 39 minutes
Format: Audio
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About This Class


In 6th-century Arabia, geography and culture shaped the emergence of Islam. Muhammad, after receiving revelations from Gabriel at 40, preached monotheism and recorded these in the Qur'an. Fleeing to Medina, he faced battles and established mosques. The Qur'an and Hadith are central texts, guiding Sharia law. Islam's divisions include Sunni, Shia, and Sufi. The religion’s principles, Da'wah and Jihad, have led to historical tensions and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. Christianity and Islam differ significantly in theology, necessitating respectful, informed dialogue for effective Christian witness.

 

Other Recommended Reading:

The Koran, N.J. Dawood, trans., Penguin Books, 1983

Islam: The Straight Path, 3rd edition, John L. Esposito, Oxford University Press, 1998

The Word of Islam, J. Alden Williams, University of Texas Press, 1984

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About the Professor

Timothy Tennent

Dr. Timothy Tennent, the Methodist Chair of Divinity at Samford University’s Beeson Divinity School, previously served 15 years as president of Asbury Theological Seminary. A former professor at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, Tennent is an ordained Methodist pastor and global conference speaker. Tennent is the author of several books on theology and missions. He and his wife, Julie, have two adult children and are actively involved in ministry.

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Timothy Tennent

Lessons


  • In 6th-century Arabia, geography and culture shaped the emergence of Islam. Muhammad, once leading a normal life, at 40 claimed revelation from Gabriel about worshipping one "true" God, Allah. His Qur'an recorded further revelations. Destroying family idols, he fled to Medina with supporters, facing outnumbered battles. Muslim mosques built hold deep religious and historical value.

  • The Muslims believe that the Qur'an is a divine revelation from God given directly to Muhammed beginning in about 610 a.d. The Five Pillars of the Islamic religion are the confession of faith, ritual prayer, almsgiving, fasting and pilgrimage.

  • Muhammad's successors were call caliphs. From the beginning, there was disagreement about what characteristics would qualify someone to be a caliph. The four "Rightly Guided Caliphs" were in power in successive years from 632 to 661. The two major divisions in Islam are the Shia and Sunni Muslims. One of the major differences between these two movements was over how the successors to Muhammad would be determined. A third movement in Islam is known as Sufi.

  • Along with the Qur'an, the Hadith is another source of revelation for the Muslim religion. The Hadith addresses many social and economic issues that come up in daily life. The Sunna is a collection of oral tradition about Muhammad, and the Hadith is a collection of narratives about Muhammad that are written. The Sunnis also have a provision for the community coming to a consensus about something new being agreed to as having equal authority with the Qur'an and Hadith. In the Shia community an Imam can declare something as revelatory truth. These components combine to make up Sharia law, which governs the Muslim community.

  • If we look at this as an exegetical statement, we can see that from looking at the teachings of the Qur'an, Islam is not a religion that at its root, advocates peaceful propagation. If we look at this as a historical statement, Islam has not historically been a religion of peace, even though some of its followers may advocate living at peace with others. The two contradictory principles that exist in tension in the Muslim religion are Da'wah and Jihad.

  • It is timely to explore the rise of Islamic fundamentalism and how that has resulted in the rise of Osama bin Laden and recent terrorist activities. An effective response to this movement will require a Christian presence among Muslims around the world.

  • Islam and Christianity have major theological differences including their view of Scripture, the nature of God, who Jesus is and what is required for salvation. There are specific strategies that can help us witness to Muslims genuinely and effectively.

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Class Resources

Recommended Books

Essentials of Islam - Student Guide

Essentials of Islam - Student Guide

This course serves as a summary of the beliefs and practices of Islam. There are seven messages that will introduce readers to the historical context, key tenents of the...

Essentials of Islam - Student Guide

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