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Galatians
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Lesson
A key theme in the book of Galatians is how the Law and the Gospel are related.
Outline
Letters of Paul
Part 1
I. Galatians: The Charter of Christian Liberty
A. Acts and Galatians on Paul's Trips to Jerusalem
1. Acts
a. Brief meeting with apostles (9:19-29)
b. famine visit
c. apostolic council
2. Galatians
a. Brief meeting with apostles after 3 years (1:15-24)
b. Longer meeting with apostles after 14 years (2:1-10)
c. Confrontation with Peter in Antioch (2:11-14)
B. Galatians as an "Apologetic Letter"
1. Epistolary prescript (1:1-5)
2. Exordium: statement of problem (1:6-11)
3. Narratio: thesis to be demonstrated and presentation of facts (1:12-2:14)
4. Propositio: summary of points of agreement and what remains contested (2:15-21)
5. Probatio: proofs or support (3:1-4:31)
a. Logical arguments
b. Emotional arguments
c. Illustrative arguments
d. Figurative arguments
6. Exhortatio: parenesis (5:1-6:20)
7. Epistolary postscript (6:11-18)
C. Galatians Outline
1. Greetings (1:1-5)
2. Defending Paul's apostolic authority (1:6-2:14)
3. Defining justification by faith rather than law (2:15-4:31)
a. Thesis (2:15-21)
b. Supporting arguments (3:1-18, 4:8-31)
c. The purposes of the Law (3:19-4:7)
4. Describing freedom in Christ through the Spirit (5:1-6:10)
5. Closing (6:11-18)
D. Being Harsh vs. Being Nice
1. Nice
a. Jesus: welcoming outcasts
b. Paul: all things to all people
2. Harsh
a. Jesus: invective against Pharisees
b. Paul: invective against Judaizers
E. Paul vs. the Judaizers
1. Judaizers: faith in Christ + works of the Law = justification
2. Paul: faith in Christ = justification + works of the Spirit
F. History in Romans and Galatians
1. Promise – Abraham
2. Law – Moses
3. Fulfillment – Jesus
G. Law vs. Gospel
1. Before Christ
2. After Christ
H. Tertius Usus Legis – ("Three Uses of the Law") according to the Protestant Reformers
1. As a deterrent to sin for unbelievers
2. To point out our need for a Savior
3. As a moral guide for believers
a. Love
b. Fruit of the Spirit
c. Law of Christ
I. Galatians 3:28
1. Equality only regarding salvation
2. Visible privileges and freedoms (e.g. baptism)
3. No distinction in roles or functions
J. Paul's Typology in Galatians 4:21-31
1. Physical descent [Judaizers' views]
a. Isaac (by Sarah) -- Jews (present Jerusalem) {free}
b. Ishmael (by Hagar) -- Christians (esp. Gentiles) {slaves}
2. Spiritual descent [Paul's views]
a. Isaac (by Sarah) -- Christians (Jerusalem from above) {free}
b. Ishmael (by Hagar) -- Non-Christian Jews {slaves}
K. Judaism vs. Paul
1. First century Judaism
a. Legalism
b. Covenantal Nomism
c. Ethnocentrism/Nationalism
2. Paul
a. Against "works-righteousness" for salvation
b. Against redefining Christianity by rules rather than relationship
c. Against exalting one country or race above another